The 1990s saw a dramatic change in Jackson's racial makeup. According to the
2000 U.S. Census, nearly 35,000 white residents fled the city from 1990 to 2000. The white population dropped dramatically while the Black population continued to rise.
White residents took their tax dollars to the surrounding bedroom communities. Between 2000 and 2020 the populations of
Madison and Rankin counties grew by 35,000 and 42,000, respectively.
In a state where the economy was built on a history of
racial struggles, what was left in Jackson was a high concentration of low-wage jobs, renters and impoverished families. This caused revenue to take a hit, as many families were simply unable to afford any pronounced increase in services. According to Brookings Metro Monitor, the Jackson metro area has only increased jobs by 6.6% between 2009 and 2019. Over that same period, median wages in Jackson declined by 7.6%.
As wages declined, so did the quality of the city's water and sewer systems.