I'm going to abstain from any P&N based discussion - but if you have hope for any 3rd world countries to develop..... Oil isn't going anywhere anytime soon.
Thinking otherwise is crazy IMO. But hey - maybe I'm wrong.
sure, transporting goods there, but there's no supportable thesis that could argue that any developing nation has to start at the first technology tier in a game of Civilization, compared to their 3-era-advanced world neighbors. ...lol, the knowledge and trade is there. It's more expensive to deliver, far, far, far more complicated for many reasons, compared to what will be cheaper, portable, easy energy to the smaller towns that will make for modern developing, developed nations. Hell, transport even...so much of private business going into delivery to remote communities--drones, modern dirigibles...that the typical infrastructure development (paved roads that bring the necessary support--stations, mechanics, regular maintenance...which actually won't happen in these places) probably won't be as big a factor as many prognosticators are probably still putting into their pre-digital, last-gen predictions. ...technology has just improved so much that the math behind these classic demographic models has currently hit one of those logarithmic scales for potential....er well, except politics stifles much, haha.
But yeah, oil isn't going anywhere, it just doesn't have sustainable value as the type of commodity that it it currently categorized under. Oil is in everything, and will remain in our plastics and moving metal parts and what not, but it is not going to be a reasonable option (price competition and convenience, cleanliness) for energy by 20 years from now. (but again, material design changes as well--how often does plastic composition/design change...where does it go--I have absolutely no idea about plastics/material science, which is why I'm asking, hah...so much of the classic plastic materials (spoons and forks) are now ~corn starchy, polymer lattice something something that biodegrades? I don't get it)