I think if companies make customers, employees, and communities (in that order) their highest priorities, then profits (and stock holder gains) will come naturally.
Sometimes they do, and sometimes they don't.
It's a bit off the topic, but somewhat relevant: There was a good sized Savings and Loan, Home Savings.
They were in business a long time, and concentrated on traditional loans getting people into homes. When S&L de-regulation in the 80's led to the temptation for S&L's to make big bucks with bad investments - leading to massive corruption, crash, prosecutions, bailouts of hundreds of billions by the federal government - they weathered the storm and bragged in ads how by being a 'conservative' business not taking those chances and sticking to traditional home loans, they came out just fine.
Then in the housing bubble, when Wall Street desperately pursued large number of mortgages, and incented them to be created good or bad, Home Savings suddenly found itself unable to get many customers for mortgages, compared to all the irresponsible mortgages, ridiculous adjustables, liar loans, and so on. They had to either 'play the game' or get in trouble. As a result, one of the more irresponsible lenders, Washington Mutual, was able to acquire Home Savings.
(And when the problems started to come home, Washington Mutual got acquired by one of the handful of 'too big to fail' banks, Chase - others being Wells/BofA/Citi.)
Sometimes, business who 'act nicely' do ok, but others it kills them. Really, false comfort from platitudes that 'acting nicely' keeps them in business are harmful, because they hide the problems that in the 'real world', businesses are often forced to act terribly to stay in business - this is the sort of thing the phrase "race to the bottom" means. For example, if one business can 'act badly' and cut its costs and therefore its prices, others can either copy or go out of business.
Fact is, consumers rarely put 'which company has policies good for the society' ahead of low prices.
Many, many businesses acted a lot 'better' than Wal-Mart that went out of business because of them.
Goldman Sachs has done incredibly harmful and profitable things, and the only real answer I know (while we still have some democracy) is for the government to block it.
Not 'consumer choice', not 'consumer education', not the 'invisible hand', not 'moral leadership', not competition with nicer companies, not 'voluntary regulation'.
Based on Goldman's huge efforts to put its people in positions of power over and within the government, becoming "Government Sachs, I'd say they agree.
Save234