One of the biggest reasons that other countries spend less is due to the fact they do far less. The US system gives the incentive to do every test for anything. If you were to do all the things typically done in the US in their system, then you would spend just as much if not more. Why not pay $10 extra for a specialist who will do more tests. The specialist has far more student debt and charges the insurance company more as his cost is higher as he had to do more schooling. Couple that with the extra tests, and there is far more than $10 extra there, so we all pay in higher premiums.
Now, lets get to the numbers that you posted. If you could somehow capture all the savings benefits of other countries, and then take 100% of those savings and put it toward college costs, then you could in theory cover those in college now. That is not possible at all, as you cannot just force a change that big in a reasonable time. The cost difference is not because they have price controls, the difference is in what is done in the system. Not the care, but all the extra things we do in the US system that gives no benefit. Well, unless you look at end of life care. In the other systems they simply let the people die as painless as possible, but thats a whole different issue.
So, even if you could get the US onto one of those systems, it would be years and years, so maybe a long term goal, but nothing that would happen in say the next 10 years.
Now, the average cost of a year being $10k. Of the 1.3 trillion debt, that did not only go to tuition. The average instate college tuition for a public college was about 10k.
So, to get to your figure, its actually not the real average. Its just the average cost for an instate student at a public school and does not cover any other school costs. Remember to add about $1,200 for books and supplies.
So, I would assume that the programs you listed are also not growing in terms of expense at the same level as college tuition either. So, tracking the trends you would need to find more an more money to pay for this.
Also, I would assume you would not cover the typical cost at a private school, so we would need to build a lot more public colleges. So, its not just tuition costs, its also fees and new school costs, and teachers costs.
It quickly starts to add up to a lot more than 1.3 trillion. I don't see where you get that money from either.