CARIBOU IN THE REGION
Over four decades of development on the North Slope have shown that caribou can co-exist with development. The Central Arctic Herd, which calves in the Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk oil fields, has increased from 3,000 animals to more than 23,400 animals. Facilities in the Coastal Plain area would be designed to protect this important species and their habitat.
BIRDS IN THE REFUGE
During the brief arctic summer, the North Slope is home to millions of birds. Many come to nest and raise their young. Others come to molt or simply to pass through on migration. A few species are present year-round. Late May and early June bring long days, warmer temperatures, and flocks of migrating birds. Some of these stay in ANWR, while others continue to destinations elsewhere in Alaska and Canada.
OTHER WILDLIFE
Wildlife other than caribou, such as bears, wolves, and moose, use the Coastal Plain area infrequently and would be unaffected by development. Populations of these animals and others that live on the Coastal Plain such as muskoxen, are healthy and increasing despite three decades of development at Prudhoe Bay. Oil and gas development on the Coastal Plain would be temporary, and the long term ability of the habitat to support wildlife would not be affected.
WEATHER AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS
The Coastal Plain of ANWR is an arctic desert with approximately 10 inches of precipitation annually .The Coastal Plain area demonstrates a striking contrast between summer and winter. During the summer months temperatures are relatively cool (40" F) and daylight is continuous for 75 days. During the winter months temperatures drop well below O" F and darkness lasts for 56 days. Permafrost (permanently frozen ground) exists throughout the Coastal Plain area to an approximate depth of 2,000 feet deep. The permafrost creates an excellent environment for insects which plague the caribou throughout the year. (See Caribou for more info on insects.) Nearly continuous winds reshape the Coastal Plain winter landscape with blowing snow filling in valleys and swells, resulting in the appearance of a vast, white wasteland.