Doesn't talk about wealth. Is also an opinion piece, not peer-reviewed. If you want to state something as a theory, rather than just a hypothesis, it must be tested/reviewed.
Doesn't substantively talk about wealth. This is from Norway, one of those homogeneous countries you talk about (86%+ ethnic Norwegian), that has a huge social safety net, much better than the one in the US.
Neither article "ranks" risk factors. Just because they didn't study the effect in those papers doesn't mean that the effect isn't a significant one.
Can you provide your sources?
This doesn't need to be argued -- e.g.
https://www.keranews.org/post/exploring-connection-between-violent-crime-and-poverty
Yes it has.
Also... if someone "INTENDS" to become a criminal as a way of life? I don't think many 5 year olds grow up thinking, "I intend to be a criminal." Rather, their childhoods are shaped by their experiences and they see it as the most viable way to go, or they have no other options, or they are forced into it via threats on their own lives.
1) Biological: in thhose papers includes both genetic and environmental factors (including substance abuse in utero). Many of these environmental factors have strong links to income.
2) Broken homes: I assume you mean homes where there is domestic violence? no father/mother due to one being jailed? divorce? Well, of course,
single-parent homes are closely correlated to poverty.
3) Substance abuse:
tied to poverty
4) Criminal peers: tied to poverty
Poverty is heavily correlated with all of these factors. Whether it's chicken or egg is never going to be easily discovered. But absolutely, poverty plays a role in all of these. Just because some papers haven't investigated it when they investigated other things doesn't mean that there isn't a link.
Care to provide a source for that statement?
Again, please cite your sources on this demographic group, social mobility and opportunity, education levels, and income levels of black immigrants who came between the end of the Civil War and beginning of Civil Rights Movement.
But if someone faced more hardships, you wouldn't expect them to do exactly the same, would you?
I didn't ever claim you said there was no racism here.
Don't give a shit about other countries' treatment of minorities, we are talking about the US. If France were 100 times as racist as the US, it wouldn't change my opinion that we need to recognize our racism problem here and address it. Racism shouldn't be graded on a curve.
Of course "they don't actually publish their census numbers correctly" because it doesn't fit with your statement. Are you moving the goalposts? You said
all other countries on earth are
extremely homogeneous. The fact is that this is NOT true. Whether you look at Mexico, Brazil, Cuba, and any number of other Central or South American countries, they are not
extremely homogeneous. In fact the racial profile of Brazil is about as heterogeneous (possible more) as the US.
This, however, is a distraction, and carries absolutely ZERO influence on whether racism is an issue we must continue to address in the US.
I don't know what your definition of "large portion" is. I assume you're looking at the official nationwide surveys the Mexican government conducted, and are defining it based on percentage, and have some number in your head you're not sharing. I consider hundreds of thousands to be substantial, often because they localize together, but perhaps you don't. That's opinion. And again, it's a distraction from our discussion about the US. If you want your statement disproven, about all other nations being extremely homogeneous, one need only to look to Central and South America to show how incorrect that statement was. Again, a distraction, you are wrong, let's stop arguing it. It has no bearing on whether we need to address racism in the US.