Originally posted by: LunarRay
Did JFK, on Oct 6 1963 sign an executive (NSAM 263) that provided for the removal of 1000 troops in December 1963 and the vast majority of troops to be out by 1965? Only advisors and green beret were on land until.. 1965, or real late 1964.
And did Johnson issue NSAM 273 - I think it was - that essentially reversed 263? As I recall in any event... .
(NSAM =National Security Action Memorandum)
Your history is right, but its a lot more complicated - on both sides of the issue.
Basically, Kennedy was in a very sensitive position, between the line of being determined to prevent war, while having enormous pressures the other direction.
You have to sort through carefully to find his 'real' position - and there are things not known for sure.
One good resource for a start is "JFK and Vietnam" by John Newman. It was one of the first efforts to carefully review the evidence - and it concluded JFK planned to exit.
Note that doens't mean he did everything right. When Robert Kennedy took a stand against the Vietnam war in a major speech - putting him in opposition to his brother's successor, effectively making it a LBJ versus JFK proxy war - he did it by saying that he had been in an administration (JFK's) that made a mistake on Vietnam. He didn't point the finger at the history, only at the policy gong forward.
You need to get informed, to reach an opinion on this, about the situation Kennedy faced, what pressures he had, and who had power and their positions, and the public's opinion and how it affected his re-election campaign, and other factors including Kennedy's preference to delay a choice like this.
Kennedy was carefully giving messages in speeches about his plans, but presented in a way that had minimal political impact. In one important statement, he talked firmly about the US commitment ro provide aid to the South Vietnamese government in its war, and our desire for victory - all things that worked politically - but then put in a comment that doesn't fit unless he wanted out, that 'in the final analysis the war is theirs to win or lose'.
That's creating a record and laying the groundwork for his position that when push came to shove - the US had to go to war or they lose - his choice was they lose.
After one such official mission of two officials, one military and one civilian, upon hearing their conflicting reports, he asked them if they had gone to the same country.
Ted Sorensen, his closest aide beside Robert Kennedy (and a conscientious objector, making him a suspect figure with the hawks, and an opponent of war in Vietnam all along), had a long history of conspiring with JFK on JFK's more anti-war policies having to be carefully dealt with among his more militant advisors, much less the public and the world. wrote both the nearly contradictory messages that Kennedy was determined to avoid war in Southeast Asisa, and that he can't say for sure what Kennedy would have decided.
He writes:
In the end, all we can conclude with certainty is what he did not do. Despite a steady flow of recommendations from missions to Saigon headed by Vice President Johnson, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Taylor, and Deputy National Security Advisor Rostow, that he should send combat troop divisions to fight in South Vietnam and U. S. Air Force planes to bomb North Vietnam and the troop trails heaidng south. Kennedy never did... He was determined not to precipitate a general land war in Asia.
As a new Senator, in 1954 six years before being elected president, Kennedy gave a speech on Vietnam saying the US could not replace the French as occupiers, and that US ground forces could not win a conflict there in what was a war for independance from occupation, and troops should not be sent. And he "was determined" not to send them.