My son attended private school for the first two years of his "school life", then I switched him to public, for a variety of reasons. The private school he attended was very sheltered, had limited extra-curricular and cultural opportunities, no interaction at all with anyone but other white, middle-class children and white, middle-class teachers. It worked for those two years, but when I felt he (and I) had matured enough, I put him in our local public school.
We're allowed to choose which of the four local elementary schools we want our kids to go to (you apply, then first come, first served, you get in if there's room, if not you go to the next on your list). I went to school in the same system, and was reasonably familiar with the way the district worked and who was teaching where.
I have mixed feelings about how things are going in his school, but MY job as his parent is to fill any shortcomings the school district has. He's in the talented and gifted program (3rd grade, tests at the seventh grade level so far), but even that isn't enough to challenge him, so I make the effort to contact teachers in the appropriate grade level, get their input on some extra things I can do for him at home, and spend a lot of time seeking out resources to supplement his education.
In a more perfect world, I wouldn't have to basically have a part-time job being his second teacher, but as his parent, it's my responsibility to see that he is given all of the educational opportunities I can afford for him, time and money-wise. I volunteer at his school several days a week, in all areas, not just his class. I help out wherever they need me, and they need me a lot because there aren't a lot of parents who either have the luxury or the desire to take part in their children's school activities.
I live in comfortable suburbia though, and I can see that the Madison area school district is majorly f*cked. I would never, ever, ever put my son in Madison public schools. It's like most every other issue, it depends on where you live, how much money you have, and how much priority your community places on public schools. I would never want the federal government regulating public schools, but I can say that from the relative comfort of my own district.
Now I'm rambling and lost track of my original point, which basically was, public schools are what the community makes of them, but in the end, it's a parent's responsibility to see that their children are educated properly.