He also revealed the alleged whistleblower's name in a press conference OUTSIDE the Senate chamber after Robert's refused to read the question.
and nothing will be done about that either
While that's true, basically anything a legislator does that's reasonably associated with their official job is immune from prosecution or even civil suits.
Something similar happened a few years back where a marine tried to sue a congressman for his statements to the press:

Murtha immune from defamation suit
Rep. John Murtha is immune from a U.S. Marine's defamation suit against him, a federal appeals court ruled Tuesday.
Murtha, a former Marine, used his congressional immunity as his defense, arguing that he made those statements to the press in his official capacity as a member of Congress. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia on Tuesday ruled that Wuterich can't sue Murtha.
I completely agree with you that Rand Paul is a garbage human and should face consequences for his actions here but sadly they would need to be electoral or come from Congress itself and I doubt either the Senate or Paul's constituents have the necessary moral fiber to stand up for what's right.