Each chipset IC probably contains somewhere around 50-100 million transistors (MOSFETs). In this situation, the gate oxide of a single transistor was made slightly too thin which caused the transistor to turn on too early. It isn't anything external or within control of the motherboard manufacturers. If it has the affected chip and uses the affected SATA controller (i.e. connects it to a SATA port), it will be affected by the bug.
To put it very simply, a MOSFET works by applying a voltage to the gate. This voltage via field interactions causes a metaphorical bridge to rise between the source and drain terminals, allowing conduction between the two. If you increase the gate oxide thickness, it takes more voltage at the gate to turn on the transistor. Conversely, if you decrease the thickness, the transistor turns on more easily. This can cause it to turn on when you don't want it to.