1) It is hinted at in your post, but all CPUs get a decent increase in core counts.
I think the biggest bump for most people will be that the Ultra 5 (i5) class gets a nice core increase. For example, the top Ultra 5 goes from 6P + 8E (14 threads) to 8P + 16E + 4 LPE (28 threads). Doubling the thread count is nothing to scoff at--especially for these mid range CPUs that so many businesses are built around. I've seen some claims that the i5 is Intel's best selling line, so this is actually significant.
2) The return of the Ultra 3 (i3). Yes, technically Arrow Lake now has a single Ultra 3 CPU, but it launched much later and is pretty underpowered. Even that lowly Ultra 3 is going from 4P + 4E (8 threads) to 4P + 8E + 4 LPE (16 threads) which is a massive bump for the CPUs that do really need the bump. But also there will now be multiple Ultra 3 chips to choose from.
3) The addition of LP-E cores (and making them both more powerful and double in count) means that the LP-E cores should have a functional low power state when running basic tasks (internet browsing, media streaming, etc). The LP-E cores were too few and too weak to run well in the past Intel chips.
4) Slight change: The 150 W TDP is only for the top two Nova Lake chips.
5) LGA1954 socket.
6) Add to your GPU line: it will have the XE4 display engine.
7) Rumors of a bLLC (big last level cache) on some CPUs.