Today, I?m going to write about a slur. It?s a distortion that?s been around for a while, but has spread like a weed over the past few months. It was concocted for partisan reasons: to flatter the prejudices of one side, to demonize the other and to simplify a complicated reality into a political nursery tale.
The distortion concerns a speech Ronald Reagan gave during the 1980 campaign in Philadelphia, Miss., which is where three civil rights workers had been murdered 16 years earlier. An increasing number of left-wing commentators assert that Reagan kicked off his 1980 presidential campaign with a states? rights speech in Philadelphia to send a signal to white racists that he was on their side. The speech is taken as proof that the Republican majority was built on racism.
The truth is more complicated.
In reality, Reagan strategists decided to spend the week following the 1980 Republican convention courting African-American votes. Reagan delivered a major address at the Urban League, visited Vernon Jordan in the hospital where he was recovering from gunshot wounds, toured the South Bronx and traveled to Chicago to meet with the editorial boards of Ebony and Jet magazines.
Lou Cannon of The Washington Post reported at the time that this schedule reflected a shift in Republican strategy. Some inside the campaign wanted to move away from the Southern strategy used by Nixon, believing there were more votes available in the northern suburbs and among working-class urban voters.
But there was another event going on that week, the Neshoba County Fair, seven miles southwest of Philadelphia. The Neshoba County Fair was a major political rallying spot in Mississippi (Michael Dukakis would campaign there in 1988). Mississippi was a state that Republican strategists hoped to pick up. They?d recently done well in the upper South, but they still lagged in the Deep South, where racial tensions had been strongest. Jimmy Carter had carried Mississippi in 1976 by 14,000 votes.
So the decision was made to go to Neshoba. Exactly who made the decision is unclear. The campaign was famously disorganized, and Cannon reported: ?The Reagan campaign?s hand had been forced to some degree by local announcement that he would go to the fair.? Reagan?s pollster Richard Wirthlin urged him not to go, but Reagan angrily countered that once the commitment had been made, he couldn?t back out.
The Reaganites then had an internal debate over whether to do the Urban League speech and then go to the fair, or to do the fair first. They decided to do the fair first, believing it would send the wrong message to go straight from the Urban League to Philadelphia, Miss.
Reagan?s speech at the fair was short and cheerful, and can be heard at:
http://www.onlinemadison.com/f...agan/reaganneshoba.mp3. He told several jokes, and remarked: ?I know speaking to this crowd, I?m speaking to a crowd that?s 90 percent Democrat.?
He spoke mostly about inflation and the economy, but in the middle of a section on schools, he said this: ?Programs like education and others should be turned back to the states and local communities with the tax sources to fund them. I believe in states? rights. I believe in people doing as much as they can at the community level and the private level.?
The use of the phrase ?states? rights? didn?t spark any reaction in the crowd, but it led the coverage in The Times and The Post the next day.
Reagan flew to New York and delivered his address to the Urban League, in which he unveiled an urban agenda, including enterprise zones and an increase in the minimum wage. He was received warmly, but not effusively. Much of the commentary that week was about whether Reagan?s outreach to black voters would work.
You can look back on this history in many ways. It?s callous, at least, to use the phrase ?states? rights? in any context in Philadelphia. Reagan could have done something wonderful if he?d mentioned civil rights at the fair. He didn?t. And it?s obviously true that race played a role in the G.O.P.?s ascent.
Still, the agitprop version of this week ? that Reagan opened his campaign with an appeal to racism ? is a distortion, as honest investigators ranging from Bruce Bartlett, who worked for the Reagan administration and is the author of ?Impostor: How George W. Bush Bankrupted America and Betrayed the Reagan Legacy,? to Kevin Drum, who writes for Washington Monthly, have concluded.
But still the slur spreads.
It?s spread by people who, before making one of the most heinous charges imaginable, couldn?t even take 10 minutes to look at the evidence. It posits that there was a master conspiracy to play on the alleged Klan-like prejudices of American voters, when there is no evidence of that conspiracy. And, of course, in a partisan age there are always people eager to believe this stuff.
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