i'll do the first for you...
L{n} is the laplace transform of n
s is the variable of laplace
exp(t) is e^t...
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looking at the table of laplace transforms yields this g(t)*v(t-a) ==> exp(-as)L{g(t+a)}(s), where a is a positive number.
so, for your first problem, exp(-t)*u(t-tau), g(t) is exp(-t), and a is tau.
continuing...
exp(-as) L{exp(-(t+a))} (s)
exp(-as) L{[exp(-t)][exp(-a)]} (s)
since exp(-a) is a constant, you're allowed to factor it out, of the L{}...
exp(-as-a) L{exp(-t)} (s)
continuing... after some minor rearranging... and looking in the tables once again...
exp(-a(s+1)) (1/(s+1)) (s) is your answer.