<< The problem is that restaurant owners are the ones enforcing a 15% minimum tip by paying their waitstaff that much less. Before tips, waiters and waitresses can earn like $2 or $3 per hour. Obvioulsy below minimum wage, but employers are allowed to include tips into that. So you, the customer are paying part of their wages. >>
You are paying ALL of the wages in ANY industry, be it the service industry, retail, or manufacturing. ALL costs of doing business are passed on to the consumer. There is no such beast as a business that people own and operate out of the goodness of their hearts...except charity (and most of those are money-making enterprises).
<< That's the whole motivation behind the notion of leaving a tip. It's supposed to be EXTRA. >>
Actually, that is wrong. Tips started WAY back when service industry workers received NO wages at all! They worked purely for tips.
Businesses could in those times afford to 'hire' adequate staff so they were never spread too thin and customers received plenty of attention. If times were slow, it didn't matter that you had an 'excess' of staff sitting around not being utilized because you weren't paying them anything.
The problem came when laws were passed mandating a wage. All of a sudden, employers had to justify and reconcile this expense, which meant one or more of the following: lower staff numbers, higher utilization, higher costs of goods and services. At the same time, the service industry became increasingly accessible to more classes of people other than those who are well-to-do and can afford tipping. You get a lot of people whose incomes barely affords them the product/service alone, so instead of staying home, they just rationalize stiffing the waiters.
Wages have to be increased or the tip included in the bill because of selfish and greedy people who don't give tips, which are a lot more than you think. When I worked in the restaurant/hotel business, I was stiffed MORE by thoughtless or selfish people to whom I had rendered good service than by people to whom I had provided bad service!
When I gave bad service, I expected to NOT find a tip, so when I received one it was rather surprising (in a good way). I was equally surprised, though not in a good way, when I had given good service but didn't receive a tip. I had for more 'bad' surprises than 'good' ones.
The most reasonable explanation I could find for this was because I never gave 'bad' service by my own choice. It was usually because we were understaffed (either deliberately to save money or because one or more employees called in sick) and I had more tables than I could reasonably handle. Add to this those days that were unexpectedly busy (like those times when a couple chartered busses packed full of tourists pulls in without giving notice) and the management always insists on seating as many people as they can pack in the restaurant, regardless of the staffing situation.
Thoughtful and observant people could tell whether I was giving bad or unattentive service because I don't care or because I'm working my ass off. Just because you don't see the wait person in the dining area all the time, doesn't mean he snuck-off to take a break. I remember washing my own dishes on some nights because half the kitchen crew didn't show up (or quit), hell I remember COOKING my own food on more than one occasion.
I would love to know of these places where waiters are constantly taking breaks, flirting with people, or talking on the phone, because not only have I never had the good fortune to work for such a place, I've never patroned such a place, either. I remember many days where a lunch break was considered a rare luxury.
If I see the wait person isn't able to give me proper attention because he is spread far too thin, I leave a tip. The wait person would have to be patently rude or indifferent before I would not leave a tip. If I find there is cause not to leave a tip, I quietly inform the manager why because that person is a bad employee. I don't just walk-out without an explanation for why I'm not leaving a tip.
Its quite amusing if not pathetic to read the reasons people invent to justify not leaving a tip, just like all the excuses people use to justify not paying for their software (or to shoplift, not pay taxes, etc.). It all boils down to a fundamental character flaw, really.