OK - made some more progress.
Started Firefox in Safe Mode (had to have my laptop duplicate what I was doing since I could not read the screen on the Sony). Lo and behold, the issues went away; everything was in English.
Figured it had to be something in Extensions and Themes since these are disabled in Safe Mode. However, I had no extensions and themes!
A little more googling, and turned off hardware acceleration under Options, Advanced, General tab.
Problem solved. Also managed to relink Google Drive folders on the web to my folder on the hard drive.
No idea why Chrome won't work, but don't care. I do need to figure out why Kaspersky installer just sits there with a blank screen.