Yes, I've read the Qur'an. Didn't
hear about it. Wasn't
told about it. I
read it.
Muslims are not commanded to kill non-believers if they will not convert.
"There is no compulsion in religion" - the Holy Qur'an, Chapter 2, Verse 256
Simply stated: A Muslim (adherent of Islam), as part of his/her declaration of Faith, declares that "There is none worthy of worship except the One God." By pledging this allegiance, it guarantees that a Muslim accepts the commandments of God.
Muslims believe the Qur'an is the direct word of the One God. Thus, when God says not to kill, as Cain did Abel, Muslims accept this rule of God. The same holds true for everything else in the Qur'an - it is divine guidance for mankind, and as such, it is to be accepted by every Muslim
ENTIRELY.
What needs to be understood before examining Islam is that it is
NOT merely a system of beliefs, morals, and rites like Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, etc. Rather, Islam is a comprehensive social system built upon the existence of God and His divine guidance. Therefore, Islam addresses high-level issues including governance, politics, penal code, warfare, and family law as well as everyday issues like education, diet, belief, manners, morality, and, of course, worship. In this sense, Islam can be compared to other comprehensive systems such as communism, capitalism, socialism, democracy, et al. This comprehensiveness is a salient feature of Islam missing from all other religions.
The sad reality is that
all religion in the Western world is evaluated in the shade of Christianity. Therefore, the inadequacies (real or perceived) inherent in Christianity are unnecessarily associated with
all religions, and in particular Islam.
Having established that the Qur'an is seen as the word of God, and that it thus, contains divine guidance, it follows that Muslims believe the perfect system of governance for mankind is that system which is revealed by God in the Qur'an.
Since Muslims believe the way of life revealed in the Qur'an is from the One God, to whom submission is due, it is expected that others acknowledge that God's commandments should serve as the foundation of life. Let's draw an analogy here: you are a full-time student, and you get called in for jury duty during the schoolyear. Though you don't particularly agree with the court's assertion that full-time student status is NOT an excuse for skipping jury duty, you
still serve because you accept the state's authority to summon you.
Similarly, all individuals (Muslim or otherwise) are expected to accept God's guidance. The ultimate show of acceptance is acceptance of Islam as one's faith. However, God reveals in the Qur'an that not all will come to accept Islam. For these individuals, an acceptance of God's rule is necessary. By this it means, one must accept that the One God, as the creator, has ultimate authority and right to rule. So long as the individual accepts this, (in an Islamic state this is demonstrated by the payment of the
Jizya) the individual is free to practice his/her religion without conversion to Islam.
There are many instances in history of non-Muslims agreeing to God's rule without accepting Islam itself. The Jews of Al-Andalus and the Christians of Ethiopia immediately come to mind. This harmony has existed for the very reason that Muslims do not forcibly convert others to the religion. Rather, as I have explained, God's right to rule is to be accepted by all, whether through complete submission to God (acceptance of Islam) or payment of the Jizya.
I would like to briefly address the issue of conflict before closing; individuals have fought for ideas and ideologies for quite some time. Not more than three hundred years ago, Patrick Henry shed blood to achieve liberty from the persecution of England. Today, President George W. Bush deploys soldiers to various parts of the world to erect democratic governments in lands where such a government previously has not existed. In these cases and many others, it is widely accepted that, so long as the war is "just," the use of force is necessary to bring about a greater good. In light of the understanding of Islam as a comprehensive system of life, why then are we unduly critical of Muslim states that fought battles to extend the Domain of God's Rule on Earth once diplomatic measures were vehemently rejected?
Peace