With armor at least, you have to tell them to equip it. Select the item and press T in the PC version. I think this is to avoid the New Vegas problem where you had to pick and choose what armor you let companions carry, since they might put it on.
I've noticed that human companions will use weaponry in their inventory if they have ammunition, or otherwise their personal weapon which doesn't require ammo, just like in New Vegas. Not so sure about settlers - I've yet to have an attack since I started handing out equipment to my subjects.
I've changed my mind about the dog. I had him wander into a room with hostiles when I was trying to sneak about, even when they were unaware of us. So I dumped him for Piper, who has been moderately effective so far.
Oh, that's useful. I held off on giving a Fatboy to Preston because I didn't want him nuking the entire room. Problem with doing that is it seriously slowed down my camera, empty can, glue, tape looting because my bags were always full.
😡
another thing: now that junk has legit uses, I am back to the old habit of picking up everything. I had successfully broken that with a value/weight cutoff, but no longer.
I also wish that weapons and apparel were easier to salvage. It has to be on-person, not in storage, even though you are working at a bench that uses all of your shared storage. Also, leather chest piece = 1 leather; leg piece = 1 leather? what? I guess the chest piece in this game is mostly just a strap, but come one...why not more mats to salvage when it costs more to upgrade each one?
Sharing a universal junk storage between settlements would be nice. I don't care if it breaks immersion when the main fix is eliminating tedious shuffling back and forth. Hey, maybe an option to send a settler/caravan/unused follower on mission to move materials to another settlement? I'm sure this will be in a mod soon.
I need to install the mod that gives you the only password to the hacking game every time (still retains perk-based access to difficulty level). The game has always been stupid and broken. Don't get it in first 3 tries, just exit terminal and reset for 4 more tries. Endlessly, until you win. Such a waste of time when it is impossible to fail. I wouldn't mind a real hacking minigame if the terminals were far fewer, more rewarding, and the clues had to be discovered--like find some post-it note on the floor or look at the scattered bowbles around a desk to guess at the clue.
Though, I really like the one explorable area where one terminal had a system email "Hey, can we replace this autoreset password request feature? Who was the idiot that thought of that?" Then the next locked terminal simply needs an auto-reset request. LoL--it's like one of Steve Job's brilliant ideas.