Problem is tax the rich means income taxes to most and that won't in itself work and it never has, even during the days of the highest tax rates the richest paid no income taxes.
This was in 1966, long before trickle down.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Reform_Act_of_1969
What does work and has built up this country is when American businesses had manufacturing based in the USA which resulted in many other taxes being paid from property taxes, sales taxes, payroll taxes etc. which obviously meant a lower difference of CEO pay to employee pay, because the management and owners are sharing the wealth with employees and the community/country and the end result being everyone prospers.
In came free trade deals and outsourcing whose only purpose was to move more of that wealth upward by avoiding the environmental, labor, safety, and all other associated taxes and costs by making in America as well as trickle down tax cuts for the very rich, end result is Mexico and other Central American countries turning into less than desirable places to be, hence mass illegal immigration, China becoming an economic powerhouse still abiding by its communist totalitarian style government currently flexing its muscles more and more, and a hollowed out American middle class that has been bullshitted by the bought and paid for politicians for over 30 years.
But if you are a west coast Silicon Valley gazillionaire or an east coast Wall Street tycoon who cares about the rest of the country especially the flyover deplorable middle as long as you got yours, that is until they gave you and the rest of the world Trump, threatening to cut off your cheap illegal laborers or your outsource slaves in far away countries which is the main reason the rich have gotten richer while the middle class stagnated and regressed economically.
As for the student loan debt problem, bring back bankruptcy protection and the problem will solve itself real fast.