Hunger and poverty on huge scale draw attention of the world's haves
Monday, June 13, 2005
BY BRYAN MEALER
Associated Press
BUKAVU, Congo -- In places like Congo and Sudan, war and hunger are linked in a cycle of horror and desperation.
In Congo's capital, Kinshasa, ragged street children swarm to open car windows, rubbing their bellies and moaning, "Boss, boss, 100 francs."
That's just 20 cents, but it goes a long way in an African country where years of fighting and decades of corruption under former dictator Mobutu Sese Seko have wrecked the economy and killed off most good jobs.
"I eat once a day," says Selemani Pataule, 45, a civil servant with three children. "I can't buy one kilogram of fish from our own river because it's too expensive. If I do this, then in one day my whole month's salary will be gone."
Money and other aid -- like the $674 million the U.S. government just pledged for fighting hunger in Africa -- are quick fixes. For long-term solutions, the continent needs peace, development and leadership.
Matt Phillips, head of public affairs for the British aid group Save the Children, points to the comprehensive approach for reversing Africa's miseries that British Prime Minister Tony Blair hopes to make the focus of next month's summit of the Group of Eight -- the seven biggest industrial countries and Russia.
The blueprint calls on the G-8 nations and other rich countries to double aid to Africa, but also to erase trade barriers so Africans can develop by doing business with the West and to fund African peacekeeping efforts in places like Sudan. It also urges African governments to address the seeds of conflict, including lack of democracy.
G-8 countries agreed Saturday to forgive $40 billion of debt owed by 18 of the world's poorest countries to the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the African Development Bank.
But the United States has rejected calls to double aid, saying it has already tripled what it gives and does not want to do more until it sees whether recipients can spend it effectively. But the drafters of the British proposal say they have taken Africa's capacity to absorb new aid into account.
"There do need to be mechanisms in place to make sure that aid is spent wisely," said Brendan Cox, a spokesman for the British relief group Oxfam, which backs the call for doubling aid. "I do think there are ways of doing those things."
Today, President Bush meets with the presidents of Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia and Niger at the White House to discuss democracy, free trade, HIV/AIDS and economic development and security on the African continent.
In Congo, a vast country with a population of more than 50 million, nearly a decade of fighting has left almost 4 million dead and put more than 2 million people at risk of starvation and disease, the United Nations says.
In Sudan, the 2 1/2-year-old conflict in the Darfur region has caused at least 180,000 deaths, many from disease and malnutrition, and has displaced more than 2 million people, according to U.N. estimates.
Massacres and other attacks by ethnic militias occur almost weekly in eastern Congo, forcing tens of thousands to flee into the forest, where they often fall prey to hunger or marauding militiamen.
Others sought refuge in the region's cities such as Bukavu, where they do not fare much better.
The Rev. Jules Okito said village women afraid of being raped by militiamen come to Bukavu only to be forced into prostitution because there is no food or jobs. Here, they contract AIDS and die, he said.
"If they have nothing, the weak ones prefer to die in the arms of a priest," said Okito, who added that 50 to 80 people show up at his church every day looking for food and shelter.
The rich, fertile soil of eastern Congo could easily feed much of Africa, experts say. But the violence has made many farmers abandon their fields of cassava, corn and beans. Insecurity on roads has also disrupted food shipments.
Loms Lombelelo, a doctor working with the U.S.-based aid group Action Against Hunger in Bukavu, said prices for the little food that reaches Bukavu is beyond the means of many people, because there are few jobs.
Violence forces aid groups to put their efforts into costly emergency relief, when money could be spent more effectively on getting people back on their feet, said Rachel Scott-Leflaive, spokeswoman for Congo's U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
"Seeds, farm tools and supplies would end the cycle of hunger," she said. "But unfortunately, money for these things keeps getting channeled into emergency response."
The U.N. World Food Program says it distributed 82,000 metric tons of corn, beans, salt and cooking oil to Congolese victimized by fighting last year, compared to 10,000 metric tons in 1999. Spokeswoman Pam Samu said it cost $70 million last year just to staff the offices needed to hand out the food.