So what I found with my Lenovo laptop was that it is the CD/DVD drive that's the issue !
Had SATA 12+mm thick drive that I pulled from an old Dell lappy - different manufacturer - swapped it in to the Lenovo notebook & it works phenomenally.
Actually recently had a similar issue with a Fujitsu lappy (Model T 732) that I sort of have retired.
Based on what has happened, I'm pretty sure that you need to replace your CD/DVD drive.
Some advice though. You dont have to replace it with the exact same make/model/vintage.
In fact, that probably is not wise as that particular make/model & vintage (production line) may have had a manufacturing defect/problem (including even a firmware issue) & that's why they go bad (early).
If you're gonna replace it, then try for a newer version (ie, newer manufacturing date) and also that shows an updated firmware version. In this way, the expectation is that any production bugs reported on the earlier versions would have been corrected in subsequent releases (due to consumer complaints).
Also, dont hesitate to use a different drive manufacturer (but use drive with same or better capabilities). The form factor for drives in a class (eg, 9+mm or 12+mm ) is effectively standardized.
Good Luck !!!
Addendum:
Looks like (based on my experience) that optical drive problems can be really weird, intermittent and hard to pin down. If you can, see if you can just pull a drive from a lappy (as many have removable drives ) and temporarily plug it in to the SATA port of your problematic DVD/CD enclosure so that you can then just test the "system" to see if your issue(s) go away.