For beginners, a fully body routine 3 times per week (such as
Starting Strength or
Stronglifts 5x5) will produce more strength & size gains than a split routine. These full body routines take advantage of the fact that a beginner can typically recover enough between consecutive workouts to be able to work the same muscles, but with slightly more weight. This allows you to make linear progress on your lifts 2-3 times per week, which is quite literally as fast as progress can possibly be made. More advanced trainees will not be able to recover fast enough and will need to periodize their training so that they go up in weight less frequently - usually once per week for intermediates and once per several weeks for advanced.
On the other hand, split routines are fairly wasteful for beginners because the same muscle is only trained once per week even though the body can handle more. Of course, a beginner will make progress on almost
any routine, but it's really a question of efficiency. In my experience, with all else being equal (ie, actual exercises used, diet, rest, etc), beginners on a full body routine will probably end up bigger & stronger than beginners on a split routine after a certain period of time.