Originally posted by: MS Dawn
The whole coax vs. digital debate doesn't start at the theory level of photons vs. electrons. My experience with consumer stuff is rather limited, however in the professional field a lot of the rules apply.
A chip cannot use an optical connection. Therefore it must be converted back to electrons. Using coax eliminates this electro-optical conversion which in itself on many (consumer) products can have a plethora of issues that will affect the sound. Remember this conversion takes place in TWO places! At your deck and your DAC! :Q
Ultra high end transports actually have this componentized where the CD transport is discrete and sends raw data from the photodetector of the laser pickup to a dedicated processor that takes care of CIRC (Cross Interleaved Reed-Solomon Coding) and conversion to Analog in a package to keep signal paths as short as possible. The analog output is fed to a balanced connection (as it SHOULD be) for preamplification/post processing. The fidelity of this is superb and surpasses other CD players including using SPDIF to offboard DAC's. It's also very expensive!
Obviously optical connections are electrically isolated so no ground loops however if the studio/listening room is set up properly and correct wiring methods are employed (star grounding, for example) the ground loop currents are infinitesimal and such leakage noise is below the threshold of perception.
With a coax connection one must also remember the importance of proper termination. The cable is typically 75O and with carrying merged data and clock signals the cable carries high frequencies and sharp edges. Electrically it's a floating differential 75O system running at 500mVpp.
Optical and coax would be very very close to one another from a sonic standpoint if the optocoupling is done carefully with high grade components (i.e. the use of index guided or multiple quantum well visible diode lasers instead of LED's) and RAM buffering synchronization is employed. Problem (again) is cost! It's expensive to do it right. This is why studios are expensive. Quality can only go downhill so one must start as high as they possibly can for a good product.
I won't even get into the jitter that's caused by things out of the users' control such as the processing components that run at clock frequencies not related to audio signal clocks. :Q