techno is usually characterized by a more minimalistic araingement, 4/4 time beats, pumping baselines and usually a very electronic, hard/gritty sound although there are definatly some tracks that are smoother/more metalic sounding.
Trance is also characterized by 4/4 beats, but usually has a rolling baseline and synth parts based on chord progressions. most is relatively melodic and has repeating themes and most trance is characterized by "that" trance sound, wich for those in the know is a detuned saw lead.
Rave is not a genre, music played at raves usually falls into three catagories:
Breaks - breakbeat music with beats that are esentially sped up hiphop beats, the rest of the track will very, but usually includes low harmonic baselines and vocals.
Garage - based on a two step beat similar to that used by artist like craig david, usually involves lots of vocals and is my least favorite genre of electonica.
Progressive house - house music based on a 4/4, pumping baseline formula that starts very minimalistic but will then add more elements as the track progresses, usually vocals or synth parts.
Club is also not a genre, but rater music played in clubs, wich we all know varys quite alot.
House is one of those things thats very hard to describe. It also has a 4/4 beat, but the beats are usually more oraganic sounding. Actually one of houses big things is a more organic sound. House uses alot of real instruments just arainged and processed electornically. The rest depends really on the type of house, disco-house will sound reminiscent of disco, funky-house will sound, well... funky. theres all sorts of others such as deep-house, tribal-house, breakbeat-house, progressive-house ect ect that all have a distinct sound.
hope that helped some....
oh and for those who have nothing better to do than come into a thread specifically about a genre you dont like and spout off your unwanted opinion, why dont you tell us all what sorts of music you like? that way i too can say it sounds like crap based on solely my personal and limited experience. wankers.