Just remember its not a true 16nm, its 20nm with FF basicly. The same applies to Samsungs "14nm".
Intel formulated it great:
Intel is Continuing to Scale While Others are Pausing to do FinFETs
Intel decoupled scaling of the metal layers from xtor scaling sometime ago (I think is was either 90 or 65 nm, but I'm not sure). It was less of a problem for Intel at the time because frequency and IPC were scaling better. This should be a one time hit for Samsung, TSMC, etc. - 10nm (just a label now) will be their second pass at FinFet and will likely be much closer to Intel in terms of density. I think that graphic (from Intel) will prove to be overly optimistic. As usual, Intel will likely do better with xtor performance. That said, none of the foundries can afford to make the mistakes they made with 20nm again - fortunately, Intel fumbled a bit @14nm.
So I think the foundries (at least Samsung and TSMC) have learned a good lesson and are making positive adjustments to their R&D structure including spending and hiring. There is one foundry who appears to have responded to late - they need IBM's IP and talent to stop them from becoming the new 'Chartered Semi' (how ironic) - even then, it will be and uphill battle for GF.
Intel does have a lead, but these other companies are literally fighting for their survival - so I wouldn't say that Intel's complete domination is assured. There are nationalistic implications and vendor choice issues which will likely favor the Pure Fabs' survival.
IMHO. May you live in interesting times
