Following diplomatic negotiations dating back to 1986 among the three nations, the leaders met in
San Antonio, Texas, on December 17, 1992, to sign NAFTA.
U.S. President George H. W. Bush, Canadian Prime Minister
Brian Mulroney and Mexican President
Carlos Salinas, each responsible for spearheading and promoting the agreement, ceremonially signed it. The agreement then needed to be ratified by each nation's legislative or parliamentary branch.
Before the negotiations were finalized, Bill Clinton came into office in the U.S. and
Kim Campbell in Canada, and before the agreement became law,
Jean Chrétien had taken office in Canada.
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In the U.S.,
Bush, who had worked to "fast track" the signing prior to the end of his term, ran out of time and had to pass the required ratification and signing into law to incoming president
Bill Clinton. Prior to sending it to the
United States Senate,
Clinton introduced clauses to protect American workers and allay the concerns of many House members. It also required U.S. partners to adhere to environmental practices and regulations similar to its own. The ability to enforce these clauses, especially with Mexico, and with much consideration and emotional discussion, the
House of Representatives approved NAFTA on November 17, 1993, by a vote of 234 to 200.
The agreement's supporters included 132 Republicans and 102 Democrats. NAFTA passed the
Senate 61-38.
Senate supporters were 34 Republicans and 27 Democrats.