D: That's about the biggest load of non-sensical B.S. I have ever read. We know nothing? Truth is solving paradoxes? A thousand pounds of cabbage? I'm sorry to say but Whisky Tango Foxtrot is all that comes to mind when reading this.
M: What did you expect. You think you know something. Notice too that your words are a mere assertion, although what's to follow is, I suppose, your attempt to back up this thesis.
D: In any event there is a branch of philosophy called Logic. If you study this branch of philosophy you will discover that arguments that are in a written language have two elements: premises and conclusions. There is a method of determining if the conclusion follows the premises, you explicate the argument into its basic logical form and after it is in that form you determine if it is a logical fallacy or not based on the rules of logic. Sometimes you can literally replace the words with logical symbols. This tests the validity of the argument.
Example of a valid argument:
It is bad to be in debt.
If it is bad to be in debt, consumers should avoid debt.
Consumers should avoid debt.
M: Hehe, all well and good when you are talking about truth with a small t, but for anything important this method is useless. The only really interesting question in your example is contained in the given. What is bad? You assume you already know. But what you actually know is nothing. You do not know what is 'the bad'.
D: The other way of determining if an argument is acceptable or not is to find out if each of the premises are true. This tests the soundness of an argument. You can have an argument that is totally valid according to the rules of logic but because it has untrue premises the argument is unacceptable.
This applies to deductive reasonsing, I imagine that inductive reasoning is more complicated to prove or disprove depending on the analysis of the reasoning.
In the real world showing an argument is invalid can sometimes be easy or sometimes be difficult depending on how complex the argument is and how many premises it contains. Showing an argument is unsound should be straightforward, you have to attack the truths of the premises, perhaps with scientific or mathematical reasoning.
M: Where did you attack my premises with any of these things. You attacked me because I scared you. That's what comments like 'Whisky Tango Foxtrot' imply. I rocked your security blanket and made you feel crazy and you projected that feeling of being crazy on me. You have never examined yourself so you don't see. You haven't studied yourself with out mercy. It's easy to spot a phony if you know how you used to lie, if you've cut down all the useless props that keep you from falling into the empty pit of realization that one knows nothing at all.
D: So as you can see arriving at truth doesn't have anything to do with paradoxes or thousands of pounds of cabbage.
M: You haven't arrived at truth, you arrived at a parlor trick. You can prove that 1+1=2 by definition. Big F'ing deal. What is the meaning of life, my friend? Apply your rational logic to that. You are attached to logic because it makes you feel important. You actually know nothing important. What is important! Nothing. Importance is an illusion, no?