Lincoln/The Republican Party and Slavery
On the extreme fringe of the party were men like George W. Julian and Theodore Parker who spoke of the immorality of slavery. These radical social reformists were viewed as more of a political liability than those standing on the polar opposite of the ideological spectrum within the party. Indeed, a future Republican congressman from Pennsylvania declared in 1856 ?he cared nothing for the ?great person?? he had a higher mission to preach ? deliverance of the white man.?(1) The personification of Republican ideology Abraham Lincoln himself spoke on the issue during the Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858: ?There is a physical difference between the white and black races which will ever forbid the two races living together on terms of social and political equality.?
He went a step farther to state: ?There must be the position of superior and inferior, I am as much as many other man in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race.?(2) However, in a contention that at first sight appears contradictory, Lincoln simultaneously refused to back away from the idea that the near-holy American belief in the protection of the life, liberty, and property of every citizen extended to the Negro. Unlike his Northern Democratic opponent, to Lincoln and the majority of his supporters, the black man was, before all other things, human ? just of a lower order. With this ?not equal, but human? ideology did Lincoln and his Republicans of 1860 garner the greatest majority of support possible from the Northern electorate.
In general, spokesmen for the Republican Party kept ever in mind that while the majority sentiment of the North was opposed to slavery, it was not pro-Negro.
(1) William E. Gienapp, The Origins of the Republican Party (New York, 1987), p. 189.
(2) Damon Wells, Stephen Douglas: The Last Years, 1857-1861 (Austin, 1971), p. 105.