Fourteen vessels and about 200 crew are currently under the control of pirates, according to the International Maritime Bureau. Somali pirates, who until last year targeted small ships, have grown in sophistication, graduating to hijacking container ships and even supertankers.
If the cost of insurance becomes prohibitive, said Mr Banafa, or the danger of using Somalia waters becomes too great, shipping lines may avoid the Gulf of Aden.
Mr Banafa said that pirates use mother ships, mostly fishing trawlers hijacked from the sea shore, as posts for further attacks out at sea. They also operate small skiffs on board the hijacked mother ships with powerful outboard engines that can be pulled up to the beach.
The use of mother ships helps to increase the range of attacks. Any ship that is over 300 tonnes, said Mr Banafa, is required by maritime regulations to have an Automatic Identification System (AIS), which helps the vessel to be able to detect and identify other vessels in the deep seas and their characteristics. Hijackers use a mother ship to locate targets as well as naval ships patrolling the sea.
The use of the mother ship, Chatham House of UK says, explains how pirates have managed to increase their range dramatically.
The former warning for ships to stay at least 50 nautical miles off the coastal line has now been replaced with those urging crew increase the range to over 200 nautical miles. The pirates also have sophisticated information technology equipment, Mr Banafa said.
They use GPS systems and satellite phones.
It is also believed that they are plugged to international networks that feed them with information from ports in the Gulf, Europe, Asia and back to Somalia.