Here is a documentary about the moslim moors in europe during 700 and 1500 AD. This is during the middle ages. Later on, the catholic christian church in Italy called for a crusade to hunt down and defeat the moors in spain and portugal. They succeeded at around 1500.
http://video.google.com/videoplay?d...G7itS_WoGNPH-QbqnezCBg&q=islam+europe&view=3#
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus
Afcourse during the islamic golden age, all the knowledge the islamic armies found in their bloody quests where gathered together and stored and translated in Bagdad at the time. But that is not so much different from the war practices of the roman empire or the greeks.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_libraries_of_the_ancient_world
I do find it interesting that there is no mention of libraries in ancient china. While some very important inventions transferred as knowledge came from China.
I mentioned about pre islam arabic gods. It is fun to know that many of those gods and djinns/angels can be found in the koran as well... How about the fallen angel Satan in the old testament ? He can be found in the koran too as Shaytan or Iblis or as Samael in the jewish texts.
How about Gabriel ?
It is all the same, the formation of these religions started 6000 years ago in sumer. Tribal (families) with their own history and believes. Many sons come in handy when you want to fight and increase the wealth and influence of your family. Sounds familiar does it not...
Look at the Saudi arabia for a good example ?
The Saudi king had i think 40 to 50 son's ? Fit's in the ancient tradition does it not ? In europe and asia this can be found to. It is universal though, much offspring to help the family.
http://video.google.com/videoplay?d...&hl=en&view=3&emb=1#docid=4383835181717429209
EDIT:
I have to mention, we had civilizations long before sumer.
China already had writings before it was used in sumer. But many see sumer as the start of written text.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiahu
These relics are 20.000 to 40.000 years old and found in what is now europe.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_of_Hohle_Fels
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf
There are many many ancient civilizations still to be discovered.
Now too make it all scary and mystical and out of the realm of reality again :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_man_of_the_Hohlenstein_Stadel
This statue is a female for some and male for others but is dated about 32.000 years old.
A lion headed figure, first called the lion man (German: Löwenmensch, literally "lion person"), then the lion lady (German: Löwenfrau), is an ivory sculpture that is the oldest known zoomorphic (animal-shaped) sculpture in the world and one of the oldest known sculptures in general. The sculpture has also been interpreted as anthropomorphic, giving human characteristics to an animal, although it may have represented a deity
Mesopotamian mythology , Lilith or lamastu :
Lamashtu is depicted as a mythological hybrid, with a hairy body, a lioness' head with donkey's teeth and ears, long fingers and fingernails, and the feet of a bird with sharp talons.
Mesopotamian mythology ,Pazuzu :
Pazuzu is often depicted as a combination of diverse animal and human parts. He has the body of a man, the head of a lion or dog, eagle-like taloned feet, two pairs of wings, a scorpion's tail, and a serpentine penis. He is often depicted with his right hand pointing upward.
Egyptian mythology, Sekhmet:
In Egyptian mythology, Sekhmet (also spelled Sachmet, Sakhet, Sekmet, Sakhmet and Sekhet; and given the Greek name, Sacmis), was originally the warrior goddess of Upper Egypt. She is depicted as a lioness, the fiercest hunter known to the Egyptians. It was said that her breath created the desert. She was seen as the protector of the pharaohs and led them in warfare.
A picture :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Luxor_Sekhmet_New_Kingdom.JPG
Go figure...