Arkaign
Lifer
Sure, but you can only look at a very small amount of area at a time with those methods, and the powerhouse countries all have pretty damn stealthy subs. It would be a pretty big undertaking to constantly monitor thousands of miles of length hundreds of miles out to sea.
It would be pretty easy for the russians or chinese to position a sub off our coast.
No, it wouldn't. We built massive detection networks during the cold war all the way up to the present day with upgrades. Our sub detection got so good that the soviets decided that the only chance they would have of a sub boomer attack was to sit under the arctic ice and punch through for the launch.
The Soviet-era Alfas, Typhoons, and Charlies are all superior to the Chinese subs, but still easily detectable when faced with either a field of Los Angeles subs or a static defence network such as our entire western shore (particularly thick in the Bering Sea).
The finest adversaries are the Akula 2s, but even they would have a near suicide mission to get very close, and they are not boomers.