In other words, the K&N filters let significantly more dirt into your engine and clog up significantly faster.
Also, regarding hp gains, chassis dynos have margins of error in the 10 hp range. A "1 hp" gain is mythological. It's testing variance, not a legitimate gain.
ZV
Absolutely agree with you regarding the dirt. IMHO, it's important to change oil in normal intervals and keep an eye on the analysis to make sure it's not an issue.
In regards to the dyno though, this totally depends on the dyno make, model, and condition. There are plenty that do not have that big of a margin of error, even on high HP applications. I've run hundreds and hundreds of pulls on ours and it's extremely consistant, even down to the type of losses experienced due to heat from multiple back to back pulls. This is on a DynoDynamics 450DS.
I'd love to see back to back dyno tests showing a measurable performance improvement from a damn air filter on anything short of an extremely modified race engine. Unless you've got ridiculously awesome flowing heads, an intake manifold to match, the cams to make the most of that flow and either lots of displacement/big FI/high RPMs, your air filter & intake tubing are the absolute least of your worries for performance.
The original owner of my car has a K&N intake system on it and the only reason I haven't put the stock back on is because I have to relocate the HID ballasts to do so. 🙄 But I will be ditching it!
On most NA engines, I've seen only very small gains from a drop in filter change. With an actual change to the intake, I've seen much larger gains, even on an otherwise stock sedan engine on a closed-hood dyno.
Here's a dyno chart:
DynoDynamics 450DS eddy current dyno. Patterson High Velocity 30" 12k CFM fan on pedistal base, fixed distance and angle. Vehicle strapped down once and remained on dyno between install and runs (strapdown pressure can change readings).
Dark blue is a stock BMW E60 M5 5.0L V10.
Green is swapping the stock paper filter with a BMC oiled cotton filter, and removal of the charcoal filter (BMW M5 and M6 have a charcoal filter next to the stock air filter to catch any gas vapors that may escape up and out the intake tract after car is turned off).
Light blue is with BMC oiled cotton filter installed, charcoal filter removed, and intake scoop installed.
Average gains on the M5 for the scoop are 14-16hp to the wheels in this configuration. Gains on the M6 (identical engine) are up to 22hp to the wheels due to different front end, which allows for slightly larger scoop design.
Keep in mind, this is only with a 12,000 CFM fan. Real world gains are higher due to increased air pressure.