sin is an odd function and cos is an even function, observe the symmetry about the y-axis. Alternately, you can look at the MacLaurin expansion terms to understand why cos is even and sin is odd.
If you look at the graph of even and odd functions you will see.
Cos is symmetric with respect to the y axis. cos(x) and cos(-1) give the same height to the graph. Sin is odd, that is it is mirrored vertically and horizontally. sin(-x) will give you the same as -sin(x). Look at the graphs.
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