Right. Causation can only be determined if every variable but 1 (in this case marijuana) was removed.
This means all the people in the test have to have: Same DNA, look and act exactly the same, do the same thing from start to finish, given the same exact education, Be hit in the head the same amount of times (or lack of being hit in the head same amount of times), etc.
Then one group can be a control in which they do not smoke marijuana, but pretend harmless rolls of paper (to make sure same exact amount of time is used for "smoking" to keep all variables out), with one group being the test subjects. That being the ones actually smoking marijuana.
Then you have to test them once a year every year (after age 8 lets say) on IQ. To ensure that the IQ does drop to marijuana. So comparing to themselves and not to others.
On top of all this, this was one experiement. This has to be repeated a few times, especially by other researchers, to get a feel of what the results really are. Unless someone believes flipping a coin once and getting heads, means flipping it 11000 times you will always get heads because 1 experiment told you so.
Since (A) Other variables were not controlled that could also hamper/increase IQ, (B) The test was ot repeated, (C) The research was not checked continuously at smallish intervals (once a year) to see how IQ changed before last year, and then the people were not even compared to themselves but others of a population.
Also the test can't be done. What if their IQ returns and is even higher in than before in next few years? Study was even cut short it seems, as until they pass away who knows what will happen.
Because of all that, The study is a FAILED study. Even if the study wasn't bad to begin with, these kinds of studies will still be just a correlation, and not a casuation.