Additional post hoc analysis confirms the participants were generally
angrier about climate change and human evolution topics than the other four topics
(fracking, nuclear power, geology, and space), and these high levels of anger
translate into greater distrust of the scientific community for everyone.
These results suggest, distressingly, that political polarization around science
has the potential to depress trust in science, regardless of where one lies on the
ideological spectrum. In our experiment, institutional trust was significantly
lower for all participants, including liberals, when considering conservativedissonant
issues, because of the psychological response of all participants to messages
about science that are deeply ideologically polarized.
What leads some science issues to be more ideological polarized than others?
Our data do not address this question, but we suspect that this is where the institutional
processes and political dynamics outlined in the contextual thesis come
into play. For example, liberal-dissonant issues such as hydraulic fracking, nuclear
power, or genetically modified food currently have relatively low public salience compared to conservative-dissonant issues such as climate change and human
evolution. The low salience of liberal-dissonant science policy issues contributes
to the relative stability of institutional trust in the scientific community among
liberals over the last 30 years. Liberal audiences have not been exposed to
repeated liberal-dissonant messages, which we have shown would drive down
institutional trust in the scientific community. Conservative audiences, in contrast,
have faced a steady stream of dissonance-inducing science messagesa process
augmented by the emergence of partisan news outlets that vary greatly in their
treatment of issues such as climate change, and lead to greater polarization about
the issue among viewers (Hmielowski et*al. 2013; Feldman et*al. 2012).