And as far as this student loan brouhaha....
Dischargability of student loans existed before, it was abused, but that abuse can be curtailed significantly through bankruptcy requirement and oversight of which people get the discharge. The immediate ability to repay is less important than the long-term ability.
The problem with student loan lending is that the equation is asymmetrical. I can lend you unlimited amounts of money and all I take is payment risk, not credit risk. When you pay, not if. However, I take no responsibility for how much I lend you, it is all your responsibility.
That, ladies and gentlemen, is a broken system. Lending requires both the lender *and* borrower to acknowledge the risk, otherwise the lender's sole motivation is to get as much money as possible from you, hence student loans.
This is also part of the reason why tuition is so high. Under the prior systems states funded the schools and the USG lent out some money. State legislators had oversight into the school's budget. Under the current system the state funds much, much, less and has less oversight. The schools get the money from somewhere, so they turned on the bottomless barrel of federal spending. They don't care if the students default, they already got their money, and they aren't on the hook for shitty degrees.
This is why the US government long-term default projection is 20%+, why more than 40% aren't paying (excl. in school) and why those in repayment have a 15%+ severe delinquency rate.
People treating this as an interest rate problem are getting this wrong. It is a tuition problem and that is caused by the structure of student loans.