Without reading through the whole thing ...
I used to live in NYS and I am a self-professed gun nut. Here's the deal outside of NYC ...
rifles and shotguns .. for typical hunting guns, no problems at all. go to a gun shop and buy one.
"assault" rifles .. still quite legal as long as they were manufactured before 1994 when the AWB (assault weapons ban) went into effect. NYS has their own state-wide AWB, so when the federal one sunset in 2004, all of the old rules still applied in NYS. That means you can't have any accessories that Dianne Feinstein finds "scary" like flash supressors and collapsible stocks. read up on the rules. overall, pretty simple to follow. the AWB only applies to assault rifles manufactured after 1994.
pistols .. you need to have a permit just to touch one. NYS is not a "shall issue" state, so you have to come up with a good reason (or know someone) to get a carry permit. ownership permits aren't as hard to come by. it's a somewhat long and cumbersome process that involves alot of paperwork and several hundred dollars.