In the field of education, it is now believed that it is not so much economic factors that determine the kid's future, but the social capital that is available to him while growing up. Social capital can mean a lot of things, ranging from how much time the parent spends helping his son out with his homework to the social network the parent is part of in his community.
While of course economic factors tend to influence one's social capital (such as poor working parents unable to spend time with their kids even if they wanted to), research has shown that even poor, uneducated parents can make a big difference in how their kid performs at school, if they just show that they care. But one thing poor, uneducated parents have difficulty doing is teaching their kids to "dream big" and being able to explain about different occupations and the workings of the job market.
The problem is in the past, people believed that if you just ensure that all kids receive the same quality of education, by pumping money into the system, it would take care of everything, and make all problems go away. However, researchers have found that education at school often cannot make up for the "damage" done at home, at least not if you treat all the students as the same (anyone surprised by this?).
This is why the focus for equality in education has changed from equality of condition (similar school, similar funding, similar programs) to equality of results (ensure that all students achieve a minimal standard of performance, even if it means the gov has to spend more money on kids falling behind, than on normal/gifted students).
And while researches are often conflicting, some researches have shown that when it comes to your career and how much you make, your education is less important than you would like to believe.