Oh, anything with the weapons a male Lion has certainly COULD take down a Rhino, but the average 1v1, the Lions usually run. And not that it's really possible, obviously, but if you COULD set it up 10 times in a row, the Rhino's going to win 8-9 of them. Lion has to get in a lucky strike somewhere to win. Puncher's chance.
I would lean more twards 9.9 out of ten a bull white rhino would win, kill and or drive off a single male lion, its just not worth the risk they can kill badgers, wild pigs, kudu and other small non-dangerous threats to the lion before putting his life on death role, white rhinos have huge horns, some longer than 3 feet, super pointy and sharp. But what makes the lion stand a chance would be his speed, agility, dexterity and killing method, to avoid, elude the rhino and tire him out.
Most likely a Barbary lion, but verifying this account would need to go through a historian to seeing how credible it is:
http://www.crystalwebvision.com/aedil/april5.htm
Not really relying on it, but it holds some merits to modern documentation...but I think a asiatic rhino being even smaller than the smaller sub-species of african ones, could be fair game for a season'd male lion in his prime years of a supreme hunter/fighter, after all the javan and sumatran rhinos are about 1/4th the size of their african cousins.
Lions evolved in the open savannah, so they are more exposed to fighting head on, hardly no ambush using jungle-like vegatation for cover, just straight up fighting prowess, so...the lion will be well adjusted into assesing every fight/hunt with a calm demanor, not really calm but attentive/aware and accustomed that is always the case with prey/predator relations through evolution, it will balance its self out some way...after all he rushes and brings down the tallest land animal on earth all by himself (Giraffes), so he has braveness, I'll still be on the look out for a bull rhino kill by a single lion...not counting on it, but in time a youtube vid will eventually show a lone bloody battle of 1 on 1 with two prime specimens in the wild.
Interesting to note, I haven't seen any evidence that a lone bull rhino could rid a coalition or pride that holds numerous prime male lions yet:
It seems the rhino has a hint of respect for multiple prime looking male lions, for a good wild life blog showed a rhino stampeding in to scare off a small pride of lions, the pride didn't even budge, while the rhino stoped and was to afraid to get closer until his three bros came in to scare the lot. Sad that lions arnt as big as before, in the game keepers book there was a lion shot by martin johnson that couldent be weighed since he was too heavy for the scale I guess, and he was estimated at 750 lbs, 250 lbs lighter than the fatest captive lions, I can imagine 2 monster sized lions of that mass and power could bring down a bull rhino with the baiting system. Still, a 650 pounder like Victor zeni's lion would be more nimble and get the job done more effciently.
But anyways, Jaguars have the most unique way of killing their prey, and they love the water. lol