"Some versions of the Bristol Jupiter radial engine of the early 1920s incorporated variable valve timing gear, mainly to vary the inlet valve timing in connection with higher compression ratios.[2] The Lycoming R-7755 engine had a Variable Valve Timing system consisting of two cams that can be selected by the pilot. One for take off, pursuit and escape, the other for economical cruising." --from Wikipedia
(the latter an experimental aircraft flown 1944-1946)
Nissan also used VVT in the 1986 300ZX, three years before Honda's VTEC.
And here's a VVT setup on an 1886 steam engine