this is from money masters website. ive seen this court case before on other websites. they ruled "are independent, privately owned and locally controlled corporations."
http://www.themoneymasters.com/faqs.htm
or
http://www.geocities.com/chrisforliberty/lewis.html
if u havent watched money masters as the movie, please do. the history of the central banks is very interesting. its long but if your interested in the fed and international bankers, its a must watch.
Question: Have the Courts had to decide whether the Federal Reserve Banks are privately owned or not?
Answer: Yes, in several cases. Here is one of them on point which went up to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals: LEWIS v. UNITED STATES
John L. LEWIS, Plaintiff/Appellant v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant/Appellee. No. 80-5905. United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. Submitted March 2, 1982; Decided April 19, 1982; As Amended June 24, 1982
"Plaintiff, who was injured by vehicle owned and operated by a federal reserve bank, brought action alleging jurisdiction under the Federal Tort Claims Act. The United States District Court for the Central District of California, David W. Williams, Jr., dismissed holding that federal reserve bank was not a federal agency within meaning of Act and that the court therefore lacked subject-matter jurisdiction. Appeal was taken. The Court of Appeals, Poole, Circuit Judge, held that federal reserve banks are not federal instrumentalities for purposes of the Act, but are independent, privately owned and locally controlled corporations.
Affirmed.
. . .Examining the organization and function of the Federal Reserve Banks and applying the relevant factors, we conclude that the Reserve Banks . . . are independent, privately owned and locally controlled corporations.
Each Federal Reserve Bank is a separate corporation owned by commercial banks in its region. The stockholding commercial banks elect two-thirds of each Bank's nine member board of directors. The remaining three directors are appointed by the Federal Reserve Board. The Federal Reserve Board regulates the Reserve Banks, but direct supervision and control of each Bank is exercised by its board of directors. 12 U.S.C. § 301. The directors enact by-laws regulating the manner of conducting general Bank business, 12 U.S.C. § 341, and appoint officers to implement and supervise daily Bank activities. These activities include collecting and clearing checks, making advances to private and commercial entities, holding reserves for members banks, discounting the notes of members banks, and buying and selling securities on the open market. See 12 U.S.C. §§ 341-361.
. . . The Banks are listed as neither "wholly owned" government corporations under 31 U.S.C. § 846 nor as "mixed ownership" corporations under 31 U.S.C. § 856, . . .
Additionally, Reserve Banks, as privately owned entities, receive no appropriated funds . . ."
Let?s sum up: The Federal Reserve consists of 12 regional banks, the stock of which is owned and the Boards controlled by the member banks, which are privately owned bank corporations. These institutions receive 6% profit on their funds paid into the Fed, rain or shine, peace or war (sometimes more).
The Federal Reserve Board of Governors is an independent (its own word) entity ?within? the government (i.e., something much like an independent, internal parasite in a host organism), with 14 year, reform-proof terms (i.e., only one of 7 can be replaced every two years).
The Fed was deliberately designed to appear as a sort of government body to hide the fact that it is a private banking cartel whose member banks share in the vast profits of seigniorage (i.e., the difference between the cost of printing/minting or otherwise creating money [a few cents per $100], and its face value). Yes, the Department of the Treasury does still mint our coins (at the US mint) but that represents under 1% of the US money supply, the great bulk of which is simply bankbook entries - electronic keyboard impulses in computer memories - created by banks on-the-spot to fund loans they make in response to loans applications their "customers" submit (hence the competition by banks for your loan applications and credit card borrowing).
Wouldn't you love to have that exclusive ability - simply to type numbers on your keyboard creating bank accounts, and then write checks or charge purchases to those accounts (actually, no - it is gravely unjust to everyone else and is impoverishing the world for that power to be in private hands).
The Federal Reserve Notes we all accept as currency (there are no U.S. Notes printed since passage of the ill-advised, 1994 Reigle Act abolished Lincoln's greenbacks) are actually sold to the Fed at the cost of printing - a few cents per sheet - by the Treasury Department Bureau of Engraving and Printing. Seigniorage is properly a benefit solely to government (and indirectly then to the people) - not to private bankers - that the Federal Reserve Act, passed by misrepresentation and deception, transferred to the bankers. Thus, rather than the government receiving the vast benefits of creating all of our money, private banks create over 98% of our money supply - literally billions of dollars annually - and pocket the interest charged on loaning that new money, as their private profit. Our government is left with only the insignificant seigniorage from minting coins.
Since the bankers actually wanted to control the new, national central bank (called the Federal Reserve Banks), to accomplish this they had to make it appear governmental, which accounts for the occasional use of the term quasi-govenmental, to describe this governmental facade. This also explains the construction of the Federal Reserve headquarters building on the Mall in Washington, DC, right in the midst of the authentically governmental buildings there.
The real problem is, thus, not the Fed itself (it only makes about 2% of the money supply ? the base for the rest), it?s the private banks that, pursuant to the fractional reserve banking authorized by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, make/create-from-nothing-for-their-private-profit the other roughly 98% of the US money supply. The Fed is just a quasi-governmental smokescreen (and central organizing body) for the private banking cartel's money-creation operation.
im not interested in the theory behind it. im interested in the people that designed it and what agenda they may of had. as paul warburg (the brains behind the fed, a german) once said before the senate "We shall have World Government, whether or not we like it. The only question is whether World Government will be achieved by conquest or consent."
legend killer states it is good for our politicians remain out of the fed. which is understandable. but, what is the political views warburg is expressing.
an interesting quote from hitler:
The masses find it difficult to understand politics, their intelligence is small. Therefore all effective propaganda must be limited to a very few points. The masses will only remember only the simplest ideas repeated a thousand times over. If I approach the masses with reasoned arguments, they will not understand me. In the mass meeting, their reasoning power is paralyzed. What I say is like an order given under hypnosis. [Mein Kampf My Struggle 1925]
terrorists...terrorists...osama.....al qaeda....taliban!!!!
paul warburg sat on the ig farben american board. without ig farben there would have been no ww2 or hitler some say. and of coarse, who helped finance hitler. the answer.....wallstreet. look it up.
paul warburg also helped create the council of foreign relations. i hope everyone is familar with them. they believe the u.s. should give up some sovernity.
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