No, the Polish actually BOUGHT a commercially-available version of the Enigma in the late 1920's. They basically hacked it in the early 30's, but the Brits and Americans were the ones who captured the machines or parts of them in the war.
Perhaps they did, but they ALSO captured one, temporarily, within a year or two before the war. An astute Polish postal official noticed the German machine at the post office and held it over the weekend so that the government could draw schematics of it before releasing it to the rather anxious German official who had failed to pick it up on time.
There's a book called "Military Intelligence Blunders" by Colonel John Hughes-Wilson which details what happened (Amazon). The Polish studied the machine, then turned what they had over to the Brits (or French who passed it on, can't recall). While the Germans added a fourth code wheel to the machine, the basic design given by the Poles enabled the "codebreakers" to skip an immense portion of the work in breaking the code. Without that information, it's unlikely they would have broken the code, according to Hughes-Wilson.
Perhaps they did, but they ALSO captured one, temporarily, within a year or two before the war. An astute Polish postal official noticed the German machine at the post office and held it over the weekend so that the government could draw schematics of it before releasing it to the rather anxious German official who had failed to pick it up on time.
There's a book called "Military Intelligence Blunders" by Colonel John Hughes-Wilson which details what happened (Amazon). The Polish studied the machine, then turned what they had over to the Brits (or French who passed it on, can't recall). While the Germans added a fourth code wheel to the machine, the basic design given by the Poles enabled the "codebreakers" to skip an immense portion of the work in breaking the code. Without that information, it's unlikely they would have broken the code, according to Hughes-Wilson.