Well as you've correctly pointed out, usage patterns, battery type and battery sizes are quite important in determining the expected life span of a Lead Acid battery. What I'm saying, is that if OP drives a car down the road and gets the engine reasonably warmed up, then tries to charge the battery at a voltage that is higher than he's suppose to use for a given charge level and battery temperature, he will damage the plates. The extent of this damage will obviously vary greatly and the more he does it, the more damage he will do... Obviously, OP would then have to weigh the risks of sulfation due to insufficient charge or risk of corrosion of the Positive plate. As you know, every situation has a least worse scenario and in OP's case, if OP ONLY had a piece of crap battery tender, I'd suggest that he use the tender for only a limited amount of time and not to leave it plugged in over night, every night. I would also recommend he not use the battery tender on a hot or even warm car but to pop the hood and let all of the heat evacuate the engine bay before using that charger.
Anything done frequently enough over a long period of time absolutely would have an effect, however brief. Also the effects of charging with too high of a voltage for a given temperature done for a few hours a day and done for one week in a row is definitely capable of killing what was otherwise a decent battery. It's actually this specific reason why a lot of cars don't have a charging voltage much above 14v even though it takes a voltage of 14.7v in order for a battery to reach its complete saturation charge. It's just too difficult in a hot engine bay to manage accurate temperature compensation, or at least too difficult for the amount of money the automaker wants to spend on it. Seriously, you just have absolutely no idea what you're talking about.
Here is a question, why suggest a float charger and not just a cheap ass battery tender? I mean after all, "it's only for a few hours"... I can easily make the argument for just buying the cheapest piece of shit on the market and just take your lines and throw them back right at you.
If you have motorcycle batteries lasting 10 years with your abuse scenarios, then 20 years shouldn't be out of the question. Obviously, as you've said and are correct about, how a battery is used and its reserve capacity are a big determinant into how long it's going to last. A group 24 battery used in a corolla probably is going to last longer than a group 51, though maybe not and could in fact burn out the alternator if you leave that battery to discharge over too long of a period of time.
So you're assuming that you aren't cooking or sulfating a battery just because you've found a positive use for a NON-desulfating, NON-temperature compensating battery charger? I'm not saying your charger is useless, what I'm saying is that there are scenarios where that charger can actually kill your battery rather quickly like if it's 90f outside and decide to use a Battery Tender Jr. on it for a few hours at a time, every day for a week. If it doesn't kill the battery like this in a weeks time, then what you probably did was take away a 1yr+ of its life away and you wouldn't know it unless you used a battery analyzer.
Remember, there are two scenarios at hand (hopefully), you've either got a battery that is getting sulfated due to insufficient charge or you've got a battery that is experiencing grid corrosion. Yes, it's entirely possible to use one of your chargers and not experience grid corrosion, like in the example of charging a cold battery in a cold room which in that case will lead to sulfation. This leads to a certain degree of sulfation because the battery isn't at maximum saturation which is the whole purpose of float charging-- to keep the battery saturated. Too high of a voltage will corrode the plates and too low means the battery get sulfated. That Battery Tender Jr is a 4 stage battery charger since it isn't temperature compensated, when you use it on a hot battery that is 90%+ charged and is in the bulk stage, it could spend 15 minutes or so at that stage at a voltage that is far too high, corroding the battery plates.
But those are vehicles that are just being float charged, possibly parked in the shade for extended periods of time, correct? Well OP is a bit different scenario as he would like to charge the battery after driving the car and on a relatively warm day, the car's engine bay can exceed 140f for several hours after parking the vehicle. Charging with excessive voltage for a given temperature for hours at a time will kill a battery very quickly... Go head, try it yourself for a week, you'll have a dead battery come this winter.
Why 5 years, why not replace it every 3 years? Actually, to be on the safe side, you should just replace it every year. Your advice I think is a bit dumb, if a battery passes all of its tests and it hasn't been physically damaged in any way, I don't see any reason for premature disposal. Age is absolutely not a guarantee of any sort of reliability for a battery. Also the point about desulfating is to prevent the battery from getting to the point of needing replacement in the first place. Desulfation is more like a form of maintenance than repairs though it's certainly capable in some cases as a form of repair.
Oh ZV, straight from your beloved Deltran about temperature compensation:
http://batterytender.com/resources/frequently-asked-questions/#answer18
So yes, temperature compensation isn't necessary in
all scenarios but when it is, it's really important to have it. An engine bay can stay hot for several hours especially if the ambient temperature doesn't get below 80 degrees until late in the evening. So, you over charge a battery for 8 hours after work for one week in a row and now you've effectively killed your battery. You've obviously never done this before which is possibly why ZV you defend an indefensible position.
ZV, if it makes you feel better, if I had a Battery Tender Jr. and I had some batteries I wanted to float charge, and I could keep the batteries in a temperature controlled room that matched the float charging profile of the charger, I'd have no issue using that charger. But, I'd use that charger knowing that using that charger is in lieu of using nothing at all. If the room was much too warm or I couldn't control the temperature conditions of that room at all, then I'd have to limit my use of that charger less I want to cook the battery.