Albedo 0.367 (geometric)  0.306 (Bond) Surface temp. Kelvin Celsius min mean max 184 K 287.2 K 331 K -89.2 °C 14 °C 57.8 °C Atmosphere Surface pressure 101.325 kPa (MSL) Composition 78.08% nitrogen (N2) 20.95% oxygen (O2) 0.93% argon 0.038% carbon dioxide About 1% water vapor (varies with climate)
Polar radius 6,356.8 km Flattening 0.0033528 Circumference 40,075.017 km (equatorial) 40,008.00 km (meridional) Surface area 510,072,000 km2 148,940,000 km2 land (29.2 %) 361,132,000 km2 water (70.8 %) Volume 1.08321×1012 km3 Mass 5.9736×1024 kg Mean density 5.515 g/cm3 Equatorial surface gravity 9.780327 m/s2 0.99732 g Escape velocity 11.186 km/s Sidereal rotation period 0.99726968 d 23h 56m 4.100s Equatorial rotation velocity 1,674.4 km/h (465.1 m/s) Axial tilt 23°26'21".4119
Aphelion 152,098,232 km 1.01671388 Perihelion 147,098,290 km 0.98329134 Semi-major axis 149,598,261 km 1.00000261 Eccentricity 0.01671123 Orbital period 365.256363004 days[2] 1.000017421 yr Average orbital speed 29.78 km/s 107,200 km/h Mean anomaly 357.51716° Inclination 7.155° to Sun's equator 1.57869° to invariable plane Longitude of ascending node 348.73936° Argument of perihelion 114.20783° Satellites 1 (the Moon) Physical characteristics Mean radius 6,371.0 km