When can we expect these monitors to start showing up?
It uses only V-Sync when the frame rate is <=30FPS or reach the maximum hz of the monitor. Between both ends G-Sync doesn't use any kind of V-Sync.
That's the reason why the GPU communicates with the G-Sync module. The module is responsible to refresh the monitor.
G-Sync only operates to maximum Hz of a monitor. Under that a monitor is always able to render a frame faster than the GPU is able to deliver.
No, the end result is not the same. Using TB will introduce lag and stuttering. VBLANK limits the "maximum Hz" of a monitor to a lower one. Change the VBLANK is only possible by throwing frames away before you can display them. Or to use more buffers to analyse the stream.
Speculation is some monitors just need a firmware update. If true, that would be interesting. I checked my Korean knock off and it seems to support 33hz through 75hz.
Really the only difference I see is the refresh rate of the GSync module and the refresh rate on the monitor under freesync. Seems the GSync module has a higher refresh rate so it gets less lag moving the image to the screen. The rest of how they work seems basically the same.