Recent studies show that one in five adults is obese and most adults in England are overweight. In a time when people in the UK are being told to combat their appetites, the Atkins? Diet is taking the country by storm as the weight-loss quick fix used by the stars. But what is it, and how does it differ from the classic dieting fads that have existed for so long?
Say ?diet? to someone ten years ago and images are conjured up of miserable individuals living on ?Slim- Fast? and waddling along to their community ?Weight Watchers? group for a communal weigh?in, only to be told that big beef steak on the weekend was a big mistake and the pounds are back on. Yet those days are gone. Within the past five years, a revolution in the image of dieting has taken place. Instead of numbercrunching over calorie counts, people are now finding a diet where ?all you can eat? is actually a possibility. It all stems from one man, Dr Robert Atkins.
Atkins graduated in 1951 from the University of Michigan, and later received his medical degree at the Cornell Medical Centre. Specialising in cardiology, it wasn?t until 1972 that his first foray into the dieting world came, with his new book Dr Atkins? Diet Revolutioncausing much controversy. His advice, to cut out carbohydrate from the diet completely, was criticised by many in the medical field. Eventually, the furore died down and the ?revolution? was forgotten.
Over 20 years later, Atkins found enough support for his theories to enable the re?release of his book, this time as Dr Atkins? New Diet Revolution. With science being somewhat more open?minded, criticism of his regimen was subdued and clinical examination of its potential undertaken. Within no time the word was out: finally an alternative to lettuce leaves and Linda McCartney. By the 21st century it was being trumpeted by the media as the fashionable way to fast, with prominent celebrities such as Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston amongst the disciples. Figures from the Atkins Centre for Complementary Medicine claim that over 20 million people around the world have tried it. Everyone?s doing it. So how does it actually work?
Initially, the user restricts carbohydrate consumption to 20 grams each day, obtaining carbohydrate primarily from salad and other nonstarchy vegetables. After several week?s period of weight loss, carbohydrate is added in the form of nutrient- dense and carbohydrate rich food, by increasing to 25 grams daily the first week, 30 grams daily the next week and so on until weight loss stops. Five grams of carbohydrate are then subtracted from the daily intake so that sustained weight loss is continued. When the desired weight loss has been achieved, carbohydrate is gradually added until the transition from weight loss to maintenance has been made. It sounds simple enough ? where?s the catch?
Maxine Power, 32, of Dulwich, London, tried the diet for 3 months. ?I was attracted by the idea of being able to eat as much as I wanted?, she says. ?Previously, I?d always been left feeling hungry by other diets, but in this one where nagging desire to snack wasn?t a problem. After 2 months I?d lost 12 pounds ? much more than I?d ever managed to keep down before.? But it wasn?t all easy, ?It was pretty tough cutting out all the carb.? However, the real test came a few weeks later. Maxine found herself tired and lethargic and eventually consulted her GP, who informed her that she was deficient T s e v e r a l key minerals. The diet would have to go.
Mineral deficiencies aren?t the only problem resulting from Atkins? Diet. One consequence of cutting out carbohydrates is that many people fill up on meat instead. Bad idea: meat tends to be higher in protein than carbohydrates of the same weight, resulting in excessive protein intake for some Atkins? devotees. The result: many people are overloading their kidneys, with potentially dangerous consequences. One 11-year U.S study showed that in female patients who already suffer from mild kidney disease, those who ate a diet high in meat proteins were at significantly greater risk of renal failure. Elizabeth Ward, of the British Kidney Patient Association (BKPA) recommended that ?people who are thinking of trying one of these diets should go to their GP for a urine test which would pick up 90% of problems?.
However, scientists are in disagreement over the dangers of the Atkins? Diet. The Food Standards Agency, which is responsible for all the Government's nutritional guidance, published a statement in September alerting the public to the health risks of low?carbohydrate diets, including the Atkins? Diet, claiming that they are linked to heart disease, cancer and even obesity. However they notably ignored the qualms over kidney damage, a snub for BKPA and a sign that not enough research has been done to allay fears and advise people over possible risks.
So should we aim for Atkins or live with the lettuce? Dr Gavin Hughes, an Oxfordshire GP, recommends balance, ?The key to weight loss is moderation. Eat each food group in modest amounts without bingeing on high protein or fat products but reducing your intake of simple carbohydrates. As always, fruit and green vegetables are a safe choice. Just find the regime that suits you and balance it with exercise and a healthy lifestyle and you?ll do well?. Just what you?ve always known