Retirees directly affect the participation rate as they are included within the denominator of the equation.
Labor Force Participation Rate = Labor Force / Civilian Non-Institutionalized Population
BLS definition as follows:
- The labor force participation rate. This measure is the number of people in the labor force as a percentage of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years old and over. In other words, it is the percentage of the population that is either working or actively seeking work.
EDIT: I'm wrong on this point. Please ignore.
You were not wrong
You must follow what they are saying there.
Look, here is where they explain how they do their calculation.
https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2017/e...and-labor-force-participation-rate-by-age.htm
Employed are people working. Unemployed are people not working but looking for work. So, the person must be working, or looking for work. I'm just not sure what to tell you two here.
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_08042017.pdf
You are correct, employed are people working, that number as of July 2017 is 153,513,000 per the table in the above pdf that was in one of your links.
You are correct, unemployed are people looking for work, that number is 6,981,000 per the table.
You are incorrect that the denominator does not include "not in labor force" which is 94,657,000 per the same table.
The participation rate = 62.9% = 153,513,000+ 6,981,000 / (153,513,000 + 6,981,000 + 94,657,000 )
The employment population ratio = 60.2% = 153,513,000 / (153,513,000 + 6,981,000 + 94,657,000)
The civilian noninstitutional population of 255,151,000 = 153,513,000 + 6,981,000 + 94,657,000. That is, obviously, everyone over the age of 16 whom is not institutionalized. The reason participation rate is low is because the denominator is increasing, specifically the "not in labor" portion of it which includes retirees. I'm not sure why algebra is presenting a challenge for you.