The temperature difference or thermal "shock" to the metals will be even less when you take into account the temperature difference between the hot and cold oil is not equivalent to the surface temperature of the motor
There is a heat transfer coefficient that will determine the rate at which the oil can conduct heat to (or away from) the motor internals, and then that only determines the temperature at the actual surface of the metal, heat is then conducted through the metal and the temperature difference decreases even more
If you spray down a red hot turbo housing with enough ice water then you would probably run into damaging thermal shock, but both the temperature differential and heat transfer coefficient would be much higher in that case, and you would be talking about a more brittle material (cast iron)