Desktop is dying, mobile is the future.
That must be why tablet sales are falling off a cliff and why the PC market has started a rebound, most notably in Intel's latest report.
Qualcomm (and others) had a headstart on Intel in mobile, Intel has just recently really started trying.... just not so popular yet.
Intel has been trying for several years now, that's not "recently". They are basically
paying OEMs to use their chips, that's how well it goes ("contra-revenue").
The reality is that more money isn't always the answer. Intel has the brains, but Qualcomm has the experience and the leadership. Doesn't mean that Qualcomm are invincible, but I'd put my wager on Mediatek/Rockchip instead of Intel on mobile.
Folks have been trying to hype Intel for many years now, on the lazy assumption that leadership in one area(PCs, whether it is desktops or laptops) would automatically extend into SoCs. It hasn't happened and it probably won't.
Also, Intel's SoC efforts have been more concentrated in tablets, whose sales are now falling. Even Samsung has failed to get any design wins out of their Exynos line, in no small part because other OEMs don't want to help them. It's a confluence of forces that ensures that Qualcomm is leader of the pack.. for now. If Xiaomi does an Apple and come up with their own SoCs, and Mediatek/Rockchip increase their presence, Qualcomm can be threatened. But not by Intel.
Integration and modem. Qualcomm is more or less a 4G monopol.
That's a laughable oversimplification.