Most of them have the drivers loaded in such a way that the excursion is very low even at high power. Like an overloaded induction motor (high slip) the voice coil quickly overheats, resistance goes up and suddenly the amp reaches its power supply voltage upper limit - voltage clipping occurs. If this is allowed to continue the driver may fail, exhibit dynamic offset (seem to "zero" further in or out of the mid point depending on phase) which can push it completely to x-mech (most home/auto woofers don't have shorting rings). In the end it just sounds really bad unless you like that kind of nasty rubbish. To a perfume connoisseur it would be no different than following around a garbage truck on a hot day. D:
The "fan" subs - Thigpen design are capable of producing fairly loud low frequencies in the single digit range. The installation is very sensitive to parameters and one must be a sufficient distance from the system as it makes noise in the audible range in quiescent state. In other words it has a horrible noise floor - just as using 1U pro amps next to the listeners! (noisy 40mm fans!) It not matter if the reinforcement comes at a time where you have lots of high frequency sounds like an explosion in a movie but a distant rumble of thunder would be spoiled. (or is that cicadas in the distance?)
😉
Large helicopters produce a sharp "chop" sound with a lower frequency wave that can be captured with a large diaphragm condenser mic fairly easily. The wave is big and uses lots of recording headroom. Thunder and explosions will do the same thing. Often these are recorded in multiple channels split amongst several octaves which can be re-mixed to make it listenable without destroying too much dynamic range.
IMO the cannons on the popular Telarc 1812 are quite distorted. I've heard a restored version that was much better but also would be quite taxing to play back on most systems under 40dBW power.
One of the most impressive recordings I heard (non musical) was the Space Shuttle Discovery. The SRBs produce a chuffing sound that makes the air move in the listening space that produces nausea almost immediately. What was even funnier was the HID lighting in the room was affected and the engineer said it was acoustic not electrical! The metal halide arc tube capsules were shaking so hard there was a prominent color temperature shift from white/blue to reddish pink back and forth that gave the illusion that there was a fire in the ceiling!
Pipe organs are the only acoustic instrument producing the lowest registers. The largest stop is 64' - 8Hz! There are stories told of a 128' stop - 4Hz but I've yet to see or hear one! Perhaps this is why!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Wpn7xyzUqg 😉
Synthesizers can (of course) produce anything from DC to whatever you want but most synth bass is in the 35+ Hz range in pop music today.