Yeah Jimmy the Greek got in trouble for saying it but the fact is a degenerate slave trader/owner saw no difference between a cow and a human being and breed for size strength and endurance to make most profit. Only 20% on slave ships made it through horrific journey. Many wish to deny history for fear of guilt or can't fathom breeding humans in today's morality or minimalising the athletes work but PC and wanting to forget can't change history. You think smart men like Chris Rock or Jimmy the Greek just made it up? Or does it seem more plausible people discourage interracial comparisons and are inhibited by considerations of political correctness and makes distinctions between people which is unhealthy generally?
Some links.
http://www.amazon.com/Slave-Trading-.../dp/1570031037
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05262000-09340014/unrestricted/Carolinethesis.pdf
http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/liba102/readings/slave_families.pdf
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASbreeding.htm
Hey...I'm not really disagreeing here, it's just that it's still funny and a bit
😱 when people come out and say it.
My major criticism on this argument, after working a couple of years in Evolutionary Genetics with a smattering of Pop Gen, is that nice, statistically significant differences in such effects are probably quite minor considering the rather limited number of generations involved.
If we're starting in the 17 century, (If we want to draw distinctions among specifically African slave generations raised in the Americas vs other African populations), we only have ~5 generations (let's say 1650-1870) of selective breeding to work with. That's not an insignificant number of generations, mind you....but we're not talking about
inbreeding. As I said, I wouldn't doubt that we really do have some marked selective differences among populations due to such selective breeding, but with those numbers, I think you really need some single-sibling inbreeding to show a real significant accumulation of highly desirable traits. Of course, this is a bad idea, as you would likewise accumulate an unfavorable chance of lethality within the population.
I only glanced over a few the thesis and a few of those descriptions that you linked. Interesting stuff, but it's all historical accounts. There isn't any hard data, which is quite necessary to support such arguments involving effects of selective breeding across populations. We do this kind of work today, and have for so many years, so we know what such data looks like. The thesis that you linked even suggests that historical records aren't always accurate, and essentially argues for the practice of slave women who engaged in all sorts of acts to prevent births that were not of their choice. Well, this is the type of anti-selective force that if prevalent, would pretty much
destroy the argument that selective breeding by slave holders produced a significant effect on the genome of multi-generation African American populations.
Honestly, this surprises me; as I think many of us probably simply assumed that selective breeding was far more widespread amongst slave holders (two of your sources indicate that the historical record for such practice is spotty, at best), and I had never known before that slave women engaged in such abortive practices--or at least in numbers for which the thesis argues.
Again, rather fascinating stuff to me; but it does leave me now with the impression that the accumulation of such traits may have nothing at all to do with selective breeding--or at the most, selective breeding has had a more or less neutral effect on the genome of contemporary African American populations. Far more influential, I think, would be the decision made at purchase--of course a slave holder is going to choose the most virile, healthy individuals--creating a rather isolated population of "superior" slaves. Selecting within such a population is simply selecting certain individuals among a very, very similar set of identical traits.
Besides, to argue that such traits accumulated through selective breeding and very significantly altered that population, one would probably need to argue that naturally-selected traits within the establishing population, now determined unnecessary by new environmental pressures (generations raised in an African climate, now transported and raised in the American east coast region), would have likely been negatively selected through similar generations of selective breeding. Well, in one particular example, that isn't the case: sickle-cell disease. No environmental need to select for malaria resistance (afaik--though I wouldn't doubt that malaria was a serious issue in colonial and early American years).
Of course, I could be blowing smoke out of my ass; but I prefer to make such population-based genetic arguments behind data. :\
We can pretty much make these type of studies today, in fact--and quite easily. The problem is, such an investigation would be deemed as "racially motivated" by many laymen groups, when the fact of the matter is that it's simply a very useful study of "potential" artificial selective pressures on human populations.